Lively teeth krapovci (subfamily Poeciliinae) are distinguished from other fish species by internal fertilization. This phenomenon is called false vivipability (ovoviviparity), because the embryo is not directly related to the mother as is characteristic of related a family of live births Mexican carp (Goodeidae). At first they have only a few offspring, and then gradually more and more.
Because they are "viviparous", the survival rate is much higher than that of most eggs, as they are not exposed to egg predators in early development and are relatively large at hatching. Fish are sexually mature quickly and have a high fertility in most.
In addition, the female can store sperm in the folds of the fallopian tube for a long time (up to seven months) and without subsequent fertilization hatches a few consecutive litters (not all species!). The eggs are fertilized in real time while traveling through the fallopian tube.
Poeciliidae (live births with relatives; sense Ghedotti, 2000) from order Cyprinodontiformes are fish 2 to 20 cm in size.
There are currently 44 recognized genera and about 349 species.
It consists of 3 subfamilies, restricted to fresh and saline inland waters: Poeciliinae, Procatopodinae and Aplocheilichthyinae (Ghedotti, 2000, Lucinda, 2003; Hrbek et al. , 2007). Poeciliinae includes at least 269 species distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions of America. Procatopodinae includes 12 genera in the humid tropical regions of South America ( ie Fluviphylax ) and in Africa (Lucinda, 2003), and Aplocheilichthyinae represents at least 36 species from humid tropical areas Africa (Huber, 1999).
We are dealing subfamily Poeciliinae, the other two subfamilies are not viviparous. ( systematics )
Fish have internal fertilization achieved by means of a mobile intromittent organ (gonopod) in males, which is a modification of anal fins (change of the third to the fifth ray), (Parenti, 1981). Species from this family give birth to young as free-floating (without nutritional sacs), are either ovoviviparous (a few weeks after fertilization the eggs mature and the young hatch practically at the same time as the female breeds) or viviparous (fed via the placenta in the uterine cavity). See reproductive strategies rib .
Species Tomeurus gracilis from north-eastern South America is oviparous, (see species), (Breder & Rosen, 1966; Wourms, 1981).
One of the greatest morphological features of these fish is a gonopod.
Their lifespan is from 2 up to 5 years.
Family Poeciliidae - teeth krapovci
Bonaparte, 1831
Females are larger than males and more stocky, usually less or almost no color.
They are single slimmer and more intense colors, pre-tail (anal) fin have transformed into a sexual organ "gonopod", which is complexly composed and varies from species to species.
Gonopodium guppies
The moment of "birth"
The tube-like structure of the gonopod allows sperm to be transferred to the female, and various growths and hooks help to improve grip. male to female and easier fertilization.
According to some recent sources, the gonopod is not necessarily introduced into the female to fertilize, it is enough to get close enough to the opening and "shoot" a packet of sperm into it, a few sperm will only find its way. (Male will try and try, ..)
Females can be fertilized long before they become sexually mature, with sexually mature males present. The first litter can be expected only after the tenth or twelfth week of age, no earlier and even at higher temperatures.
Interval med beds is about a month, the development itself takes 24 days, an additional week is devoted to maturing and preparing new eggs.
The young come into the world with curved shapes and soon straighten up, and after a few hours we can already see them happily swimming here and there looking for food. Sometimes it happens that the pups hatch prematurely, then we see on the pups red dot on the belly, these pups have trouble swimming and perform strange movements at the bottom of the aquarium, yet many manage to develop into a normal healthy fish. However, pups do not survive much premature hatching, which indicates that they are embryos in the egg outside the female’s body it cannot develop. Sufficient temperature (too low stops reproduction) and sufficient light is required for optimal development.
The fertilized female gets a pregnant place (dark spot on the abdomen), which means that the abdominal walls stretch, the internal space (similar to the uterus in mammals) differs in that the eggs are not physically connected to the mother as is typical for mammals.
The embryo in each egg is well stocked with food. In females of lighter colors, the eyes of the young can be seen during development, when the pups are fully formed, they lie in a semicircular position and will soon hatch.
Pregnant place at the female
Young man
The best plants to protect young from adult predation are: Cabomba sp ., Java moss, Acorus Gramineus, Cardamine lyrata, Mriophyllum Hippuroides, Bacopa Monniera, Riccia Fluitans, Myriophyllum, Ambulia, Nitella, Utricularia , ..
The pups are big enough and accept all small enough food, when using prepared food the growth will be slow and unhealthy, with a combination of prepared and live and dried food it will be much better. Let's serve them with artemia, young fleas and similar small crustaceans, as nutrition in early development is essential for the health and resilience of fish. We feed them 3 to 6 times a day, after ten days we gradually reduce feeding to 3 times a day. With proper nutrition, pups double their size (or more) in the first month,
The shape of the body is oblong, laterally compressed and flattened on the back.
They have one dorsal fin consisting of 6-16 rays, anal but subdued fin from 9 rays, pectoral fins from 9-16 rays, ventral fins from 6 rays.
There is almost no color that these fish would not have.
Fish are sensitive to bacteria Flavobacterium columnare (Kolumnaris) in Epitheliocystis infection caused by a gram-negative bacterium (Chlamydia spp), which attacks the gills and skin.
Insemination process (Gupi)
Gonopod rotation process
Gupia embryo development
Links
Examples habitat
Family classification
Kingdom: Animalia / animals
Trunk: Chordata stringers
Class: Actinopterygii / arthropods
Order: Cyprinodontiformes / Toothpicks
Family: Poeciliidae / live-bearing toothed carp
Subfamily: Poeciliinae - Bonaparte, 1831
Alfaro - Meek, 1912 (2)
Belonesox - Kner, 1860 (1)
Brachyrhaphis - Regan, 1913 (12)
Carlhubbsia - Whitley, 1951 (2)
Cnesterodon - Garman, 1895 (10)
Gambusia - Poey, 1854 (43)
Girardinus - Poey , 1854 (7)
Heterandria - Agassiz, 1853 (10)
Heterophallus - Regan, 1914 (2)
Limia - Poey, 1854 (21)
Micropoecilia - Hubbs, 1926 (5)
Neoheterandria - Henn, 1916 (3)
Pamphrichthys - Regan, 1913 (6)
Phallichthys - Hubbs, 1924 (4)
Phalloceros - Eigenmann, 1907 (22)
Phalloptychus - Eigenmann, 1907 (2)
Phallotorynus - Henn, 1916 (6)
Poecilia - Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (35)
Poeciliopsis - Regan, 1913 (24)
Priapella - Regan, 1913 (5)
Priapichthys - Regan, 1913 (8)
Pseudopoecilia - Regan, 1913 (3)
Pseudoxiphophorus - Bleeker, 1860 (7)
Quintana - Hubbs, 1934 (1)
Scolichthys - Rosen, 1967 (2)
Tomeurus - Eigenmann, 1909 (1)
Xenodexia - Hubbs, 1950 (1)
Xenophallus - Hubbs, 1924 (1)
Xiphophorus - Heckel, 1848 (28)
Subfamily: Procatopodinae - Fowler, 1916
Aapticheilichthys - Huber, 2011 (1)
Cynopanchax - Ahl, 1928
Fluviphylax - Whitley, 1965 (5)
Hylopanchax - Poll & Lambert, 1965 (6)
Hypsopanchax - Myers, 1924 (5)
Laciris - Huber, 1982 (1)
Lacustricola - Myers, 1924 (20)
Lamprichthys - Regan, 1911 (1)
Micropanchax - Myers, 1924 (14)
Pantanodon - Myers, 1955 (2)
Plataplochilus - Ahl, 1928 (6)
Procatopus - Boulenger, 1904 (3)
Subfamily: Aplocheilichthyinae - Myers, 1928
Aplocheilichthys - Bleeker, 1863 (13)
Platypanchax - Ahl, 1928 (1)
Poropanchax - Clausen, 1967 (8)
Rhexipanchax - Huber, 1999 (4)
Source: GBIF & WoRMS & ADW
